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1，自然拼音第一堂课备课

自 然拼音zi ran第四声第二声
我不会~~~但还是要微笑~~~：）

自然拼音第一堂课备课

2，自然拼读怎么教

自然拼读这样教：1、使用自然拼读学习书籍。2、使用自然拼读应用APP。3、报名自然拼读线下学习班。自然拼读法，是通过直接学习26个字母及字母组合在单词中的发音规则，建立字母及字母组合与发音的联系，让学生在轻松愉快的氛围中，掌握英语拼读规律，达到看到单词就会读，听到单词就会拼的学习目的。自然拼读不仅是以英语为母语国家的孩子学习英语读音与拼字，增进阅读能力与理解力的教学法，更是以英语为第二语言的英语初学者学习发音规则与拼读技巧的教学方法。对于大多数英语初学者，自然拼读法是一门实用的工具与方法，如能掌握，不需要借助音标，就都能够读出80%的英语单词，把枯燥无味的背单词变成一件简单的事，从而达到事半功倍的效果。自然拼读的英语学习方法比较适合上学龄前儿童以及小学初小阶段，其实自然拼读就是音标的热身学习。具体说，就是要学字母发音、书写，视觉词，短元音、长元音、辅音及字母组合的拼读规则等。自然拼读学习分为三个阶段：1、字母知识：字母名和字母音的对应关系。2、拼读：Blending。3、字母组合规律。

自然拼读怎么教

3，易贝乐的自然拼读教学法具体怎么教ICC卓能有这个吗

自然拼读是指看到一个单词，就可以根据英文字母在单词里的发音规律把这个单词读出来的一种方法。ICC卓能似乎没有自然拼读，他们的特色是全英文教学貌似，价格上，卓能的价钱不算便宜
ICC卓能挺贵的，他们也走那种精英英语路线，易贝乐会相对便宜一些，而且教学效果还很好

易贝乐的自然拼读教学法具体怎么教ICC卓能有这个吗

4，急需英语自然拼读法phonics学习听音辩字拼写教学并举例的教学计划

下面是美国全国阅读权利基金会制订的phonics教纲，给你作参考。我把原件发到你信箱。Phonics PrimerYou can use this Phonics Primer developed by The National Right to Read Foundation to begin teaching a child or adult to read today. This primer lists the 44 sounds in the English language and then gives steps for teaching those 44 sounds and their most common spelling patterns. In addition to learning sounds and spellings, each day the student must read lists of phonetically related words and spell these words from dictation. Phonics instruction must be reinforced by having the student read decodable text.The 44 Sounds in the English Language5 Short-Vowel Sounds18 Consonant Sounds7 Digraphsshort /?/ in appleshort /?/ in elephantshort /?/ in iglooshort /?/ in octopusshort /ǔ/ in umbrella/b/ in bat/k/ in cat and kite/d/ in dog/f/ in fan/g/ in goat/h/ in hat/j/ in jam/l/ in lip/m/ in map/n/ in nest/p/ in pig/r/ in rat/s/ in sun/t/ in top/v/ in van/w/ in wig/y/ in yell/z/ in zip/ch/ in chin/sh/ in shipunvoiced /th/ in thinvoiced /th/ in this/hw/ in whip */ng/ in sing/nk/ in sink* (wh is pronounced /w/ in some areas)6 Long-Vowel Sounds3 r-Controlled Vowel SoundsDiphthongs and Other Special Soundslong /ā/ in cakelong /ē/ in feetlong /ī/ in pielong /ō/ in boatlong /ū/ (yoo) in mulelong /ōō/ in flew/ur/ in fern, bird, and hurt/ar/ in park/or/ in fork/oi/ in oil and boy/ow/ in owl and ouchshort /??/ in cook and pull/aw/ in jaw and haul/zh/ in televisionSteps for Teaching PhonicsStep 1. Gather the materials listed below and store them together in a box.Materials for Teaching PhonicsWhat You NeedSuggestionsystematic phonics programConsider Phonics Pathways (available from our online bookstore), Sing, Spell, Read, Write, or another program from Phonics Products for Home or Phonics Products for School.* phonics flashcards with the letter or letter combination (such as ou) on front and clue word (such as out) on backConsider the Individual Set of 70 Phonogram Cards (item #IPC, $10) from Spalding Education International, available at www.spalding.org. Its helpful to also purchase the Spalding Phonogram Sounds CD (item #CD, $5.00) to learn how to pronounce each sound correctly.Note: if you purchase this set from Spalding, you will not need to purchase a separate set of alphabet flashcards.decodable stories(preferably 100% decodable)If your phonics program does not contain 100% decodable stories, consider Stories Based on Phonics, available from our online bookstore, or Bob Books First, available from www.amazon.com.writing supplies: index cards, index card file, black wide-tip permanent marker, beginners wide-ruled writing tablet, 2 pencils with erasersPurchase writing supplies at any office supply store.* Note: Make sure your phonics flashcards give the proper sound or sounds for each letter or letter combination – many widely available flashcards are incorrect or incomplete. For example, the common sound of x is /ks/ as in fox, not /z/ as in xylophone or /eks/ as in x-ray. Also, the short-vowel sound of i is /?/ as in igloo, not /ī/ as in ice cream.Step 2. Teach the 5 short-vowel sounds and consonant sounds. Drill until memorized.During the first week, use the flashcards to drill the short-vowel sounds. Add several consonant sounds each day until you are drilling all short-vowel sounds and consonant sounds with your student daily. Do not rush this step. Keep drilling until all sounds are memorized, which usually takes 2-4 weeks.Tip: Work on phonics for at least 15 minutes a day, 5 days a week with your student. Frequency and consistency are more important than the length of time spent on each lesson.Short-Vowel Soundsshort /?/ in appleshort /?/ in elephantshort /?/ in iglooshort /?/ in octopusshort /?/ in umbrellaConsonant Sounds/b/ in bat/k/ in kite/s/ in sun/k/ in cat/l/ in lip/t/ in top/d/ in dog/m/ in map/v/ in van/f/ in fan/n/ in nest/w/ in wig/g/ in goat/p/ in pig/ks/ in fox/h/ in hat/kw/ in queen/y/ in yell/j/ in jam/r/ in rat/z/ in zipStep 3. Practice two-letter blends. Drill until blending is automatic.After your student knows the short-vowel sounds and consonant sounds, next teach him how to orally blend two letters (b-a, ba) and read two-letter blends such as: ba, be, bi, bo, bu.Two-Letter Blendsb + a = bas + a = saj + a = jab + e = bes + e = sej + e = jeb + i = bis + i = sij + i = jib + o = bos + o = soj + o = job + u = bus + u = suj + u = juStep 4. Practice three-letter blends. Drill until blending is automatic.After your student can read two-letter blends, progress to three-letter blends, that is, words. Each day, have your student read a set of short-vowel words, then dictate these same words to him. (Show him how to form each letter and correct him gently, if necessary). This not only helps him remember the phonics lesson just learned, but it greatly improves spelling.Golden Rule of Phonics: Never allow your student to skip, guess, or substitute words. Accuracy is more important than speed.Three-Letter Blendsfa + t = fatki + t = kitro + d = rodde + n = denma + d = madse + t = setbo + x = boxye + s = yestu + g = tughi + d = hidno + t = notwi + n = winju + g = jugpu + n = punla + p = lapStep 5. Teach the twin-consonant endings, plurals, and two-consonant blends. Drill until blending is automatic.Twin-Consonant EndingsTwo-Consonant BlendsTwo-Consonant Blendspuffblabstun, fistsellbragswamkissclubtrotfuzzcroptwinlockdragfactfledraftPlurals:frogbulbcats (sounds like /s/)glumheldbeds (sounds like /z/)gripelfplugsulkprimfilmscathelpskip, masksiltsledjumpsmughandsnipmintspot, gaspkeptStep 6. Teach the digraphs (ch, sh, th, wh, ng, nk). A digraph consists of two consonants that form a new sound when combined. Also teach three-consonant blends.DigraphsThree-Consonant Blendschin, such, patch (silent t)scruffship, wishsplitthin, with (unvoiced /th/)strapthis (voiced /th/)thrillwhipsang, sing, song, sungsank, sink, honk, sunkStep 7. Introduce a few high-frequency words necessary to read most sentences.After your student can read three-letter and four-letter words easily, its time to add a few high-frequency words that are necessary to read most sentences. Some high-frequency words are phonetically regular (such as “or”), but are introduced out of sequence because of their importance. Other words are truly irregular, because they contain one or more letters that dont follow the rules of phonics (such as “once” and “who”).The Basic High-Frequency Words table lists the most important words. Write each word on an index card. Introduce three or four new words a week. Drill your student on these words everyday, encouraging him to sound out as much of the word as possible (usually the vowel sound is the only irregular part). As your student masters each word, file the card in the card file under “Words I Know.” When your student comes across a new “wacky” word (such as “sugar” in which the “s” is pronounced /sh/), make up a new index card and file it under “Words To Learn.”Tip: What distinguishes this high-frequency word list from the typical “sight word” list? Many words in the list below cannot be completely sounded out, either because they contain one or more letters that dont “follow the rules” or the rule is learned later. In contrast, the typical “sight word” list contains mostly phonetically regular words (such as “and” and “when”) that the student is forced to memorize simply because he has never been taught to sound them out.Basic High-Frequency WordsIntroduce after student canread short-vowel words, /th/, and /sh/Introduce after student canread long-vowel wordsA vowel by itself says its name:a, I“e” at the end of a short word says its name:be, he, me, we, she, the*“o” at the end of these words says its name:no, go, so“or” says /or/: or, fordo, to, into, of, off, put* also pronounced /th?/was, were, aredoing, doessaid, says, have, giveyou, your, yoursthey, their, therewhere, what, why, whoonce, one, come, somedone, nonetwo, tooStep 8. Teach the long-vowel sounds and their spellings. Note that there are five common spellings for each long-vowel sound. Also teach the “Silent-e Rule”: When a one-syllable word ends in “e” and has the pattern vce (vowel-consonant-e), the first vowel says its name and the “e” is silent.Long-Vowel SoundsCommon SpellingsLess Common Spellingslong /ā/cake, rain, pay, eight, babysteak, they, veinlong /ē/Pete, me, feet, sea, bunnykey, field, cookie, receive, pizzalong /ī/bike, hi, fly, pie, nightrye, typelong /ō/hope, go, boat, toe, snowsoul, thoughlong /ū/ & /ōō/mule, blue, boot, tuna, flewfruit, soup, through, feudStep 9. Teach the r-controlled vowel sounds and their spellings.r-Controlled Vowel SoundsCommon SpellingsLess Common Spellings/ur/fern, bird, hurtpure, dollar, worm, earth/ar/farmorange, forest/or/forkdoor, pour, roar, more, warStep 10. Teach the diphthongs /oi/ and /ow/ and their spellings. A diphthong consists of two vowels that form a new sound when combined. Also teach other special sounds.SoundCommon Spellings/oi/oil, boy/ow/owl, ouchshort /??/cook, pull/sh/vacation, session, facial/zh/visionStep 11. Teach /aw/, /awl/, /awk/ and their spellings.SoundCommon Spellings/aw/jaw, haul, wash, squash/awl/bald, wall/awk/talkStep 12. Teach these sounds and spelling patterns.SoundCommon Spellings/s/ spelled cRule: c followed by e, i, or y sounds like /s/.cent, face, cinder, cycle/j/ spelled g, ge, dgeRule: g followed by e, i, or y usually sounds like /j/.frigid, age, fudge, gym/f/ spelled phRule: ph sounds like /f/ in words of Greek origin.phone, phonics/k/ spelled chRule: ch sounds like /k/ in words of Greek origin.chorus, Christmas/sh/ spelled chRule: ch sounds like /sh/ in words of French origin.chef, champagneNote: This Phonics Primer does not contain all English spelling patterns. Consult a good phonics program such as one from Phonics Products from Home or Phonics Products for School for additional spelling patterns and rules. Most products contain detailed instructions and practice reading selections.Step 13. After 3 to 4 months of daily phonics instruction, begin introducing decodable stories.Important: All sounds and spellings in Steps 2 - 12 should be introduced within the first 4 months of phonics instruction.After 3 to 4 months of reading lists of words and sentences, your student should be ready to read decodable stories such as Stories Based on Phonics or Bob Books First. The student should read all stories aloud, carefully and accurately. Help him sound out difficult words, as needed. Explain the meaning of all new words. Encourage him to read each story several times to gain fluency, but dont let him memorize the story (reciting a story from memory is not reading). Model fluent reading by reading a sentence aloud with expression, then asking him to repeat what you read with the same tone of voice. Explain and demonstrate the meaning of basic punctuation (period = stop, comma = pause, exclamation point = speak with excitement, question mark = raise the pitch of your voice on the last word to ask a question.)Step 14. Begin introducing “easy-to-read” books.After the student masters decodable stories, let him move on to easy books such as those by Dr. Seuss (Hop on Pop; One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish; Ten Apples Up on Top; Green Eggs and Ham; and so on), P. D. Eastman (Are You My Mother?; Go Dog, Go!; A Fish Out of Water), and Cynthia Rylant (Henry and Mudge series; Poppleton series; Mr. Putter and Tabby series). As your student reads each book, add new wacky words to the Words To Learn file and review daily, if necessary.Continue teaching the lessons in the phonics program – dont stop just because your student can read. Most children need 1 to 2 years of reinforcement before their phonics knowledge becomes permanent.Step 15. Continue to give phonetically based spelling lists.Even after your student has finished the phonics program, make sure to reinforce his phonics knowledge by giving phonetically based spelling lists each week at least through third grade.Revised: 6/05

5，如何利用英语自然拼读法进行小学英语词汇教学

进行小学英语词汇教学新知识是在旧知识的基础上发展、变化、引申而来的，因此教师在备课时要根据所教知识的内容，找出与新知识有关的旧知识，看一看哪些知识学生已经把握了，哪些知识还没有完全把握，确定需要跟学生补哪些知识漏洞，课始安排什么温习内容，新授选择什么学习方法和教学方法等，这就是我们常说的备学生的知识水平，只有这样，我们在备课、上课时才能有的放矢。

6，英语自然拼读法

“自然拼读法”从科学上符合孩子们学习语言的规律，并且通过寓教于乐，在玩中学习，在学习中玩，注重对字母组合规律的把握和英语思维的培养，把“枯燥”的强迫式学习，变成了“看字读音，听音拼字”的“有趣游戏”。英语自然拼读六阶成功法第一阶：建立字母与字母自然发音之间的直接联系。第二阶：能够成功拼读元音+辅音（辅音+元音）。如：c-a ca a-t at第三阶：能够成功拼读辅音+元音+辅音。如d-o-g dog第四阶：能够成功拼读双音节或多音节单词。如sw-ea-t-er sweater第五阶：能够听音辨字，即听到单词读音就能拼出该单词。第六阶：单词量大量扩充，能够阅读英语文章。

7，如何教学生运用自然拼读法学单词

在20世纪中期产生于美国和加拿大,最早是一种教英语本族语的儿童识字、拼写和阅读的方法。这种拼读法教学指教师引导学生通过学习音图(grapheme),快速掌握英语单词中的“音形对应关系”,促进学生英语语音标准、英语单词解码、朗读与拼写能力的发展,进而提高学生英语阅读理解能力的教学。Phonics根据“字母”本身代表的“发音”,以及不同“字母组合”产生的音,进行系统的整合,让初学英语的人,借着认识字母及所代表的音源,从最基本的音与音的结合开始,反复练习以建立字母与发音的直觉音感。有了这样的音感,看到什么样的字母组合,就自然的反应出该如何发音;听到一种音,也直觉地反应出该如何拼写,即“见词能读,听音能写”。

8，如何教孩子用自然拼音法学习英语

然拼音法（Phonics）是指看到一个英语单词，就可以根据英文字母在单词里的发音规律把这个单词念出来的一种方法。在美国的幼儿园和学校里，孩子们从三岁起，就开始接受自然拼音法的教育了，这种方法是美国孩子学习自己母语的方法。英语是拼音文字，所有的词汇都是由26个字母拼出来的，而在成千上万的不同拼法中，基本发音因素却只有39-47个，这说明26个字母与基本音素间是有着一定的关联的。但是，英语是属于比较深奥的拼音文字，也就是说26个字母与基本音素之间没有一对一的对应关系，而是一对多和多对一的复杂关系，这对学习英语词汇的发音和拼写无疑增加了难度。尽管如此，人们还是总结出了很多发音规律，这些规律对于绝大多数英文词汇都是适用的，这就是自然拼音法。在美国，孩子们在学校都首先要掌握自然拼音法，在小学三年级前要把基本法则全部掌握，并成为熟练的阅读者。掌握了自然拼音法的基本规律后，学生们就需要靠大量的阅读来增加词汇量，丰富自己头脑里字母与发音的对应关系，从而能够对不认识的新的不规则发音的词汇的发音做出正确的猜想，到了这个阶段，就可以说已经完全掌握了英语阅读了。美国的教育专家们把儿童初学阅读的过程定义为如下五个循序渐进的步骤：1. Phonemic Awareness （音素意识的形成）2. Alphabetic Principle （字母发音规则的掌握）3. Accuracy & Fluency （对文字掌握的准确性与熟练性）4. Vocabulary （词汇量的扩大）5. Comprehension （阅读文字与理解文字的完美结合）一般来讲，美国的孩子们三、四岁的时候，开始学习英文的26个字母，并学习以这些字母开头的词汇，这时候的孩子，大部分都掌握了26个字母，但对它们的发音只是有一点模糊的认识，还不能完全把字母的发音和单词联系起来。注重英文阅读的老师和家长们会经常为孩子们朗读童书，同时边朗读边用手指着对应的文字，让孩子逐步建立单词的发音与文字的对应关系。这个阶段，就是音素意识形成阶段（Phonemic Awareness）。到孩子们五岁的时候，就正式进入小学上学前班（Kindergarten）了，孩子们所受的教育也开始系统化了，老师们开始系统地讲解每个字母的发音，单词的起始音与终止音，短元音的发音等等最基本的发音规律，并锻炼孩子们看到一个单词后自己读出来（Sound it out.），同时教孩子们如何倾听，根据老师的读音拼写出单词。这个阶段混合了上述的第一、二个过程（Phonemic Awareness, Alphabetic Principle）。孩子们在这个初学阶段，拼写的时候经常会犯很多错误，比如“cat”这个词很多孩子就会写成“kat”，“duck”写成“duk”等，在这个时候老师就会劝告家长，不要去帮助孩子改正，因为这是一个必经阶段，孩子们正在学发音，等学的知识逐渐丰富起来，同时阅读量逐渐增加后，孩子们自己就会意识到原来“c”有时和“k”的发音是相同的，但“cat”里面是“c”而不是“k”，“ck”和“k”的发音是相同的，但“duck”里面必须是“ck”等等。经过一年的学习与巩固，孩子们就完全可以看到三四个字母组成的简单单词张嘴就念出来了，听到老师念一个单词也可以正确的拼写出来了。在小学一、二年级（Grade 1&2），老师们逐步教授一些组合稍微复杂些的单词和发音规律了，比如很多双辅音组合，多音节单词，长元音、多元音以及不规则元音等等。基本上在二年级结束后，孩子们基本上已经掌握了自然拼音法的大部分精髓，在阅读上已经没有重大障碍了，这时候老师的授课重点也转移到更深的阅读理解、语法、写作等方面去了，进入第三、四、五阶段。学完了发音规律后，孩子们对阅读就更有兴趣了，因为，随便拿一本书，孩子们都可以读出大部分的词汇，这对孩子们来说会是多么大的成就感！值得一提的是，美国低年级的英文课，基本上是以阅读来贯穿的。在课上，可能是老师带领学生读，也可能是学生自己阅读，读过之后学生要回答老师提出的问题，并能复述故事大意。学生们并不是只有固定的一两本课本为教材，而是至少每周在课上要精读一本适合他们程度的图书，每个学生每个月还需要向老师提供本月的课外阅读书单，这些图书的来源，就是公共图书馆，每个学生在踏入校园后，基本上都会办理自己的借书卡。图书馆里，有大量适合各种年龄和程度的孩子们读的书，有的书词汇量只有几十，有的书词汇量有一百多，有的书词汇量达到几百甚至上千。经常会看到低年级的孩子们捧着图画书和简单读本，高年级的孩子们捧着大部头的书读得津津有味。自然拼音法，是美国小学生学习阅读的必经之路。下面的几个表格，列出了美国小学从学前班到三年级在阅读方面的基本要求，从中可以一窥自然拼音法掌握程度的几项衡量标准：Letter Naming Fluency（字母认知），Initial Sounds Fluency（起始音分辨），Phonemic Segmentation Fluency（音素分解），Nonsense Word Fluency（无意义词汇认读），以及掌握自然拼音法后要达到的Oral Reading Fluency（口头朗读流利程度）
自然拼读吧？其实他们最主要的一步是划分音节。第一阶：建立字母与字母自然发音之间的直接联系。自然拼读法——单词划分音节第二阶：能够成功拼读元音+辅音（辅音+元音）。如：c-a ca a-t at第三阶：能够成功拼读辅音+元音+辅音。如d-o-g dog第四阶：能够成功拼读双音节或多音节单词。如sw-ea-t-er sweater第五阶：能够听音辨字，即听到单词读音就能拼出该单词。第六阶：单词量大量扩充，能够阅读英语文章。

9，急需英语自然拼读法phonics学习听音辩字拼写教学并举例的教

下面是美国全国阅读权利基金会制订的phonics教纲，给你作参考。我把原件发到你信箱。 Phonics Primer You can use this Phonics Primer developed by The National Right to Read Foundation to begin teaching a child or adult to read today. This primer lists the 44 sounds in the English language and then gives steps for teaching those 44 sounds and their most common spelling patterns. In addition to learning sounds and spellings, each day the student must read lists of phonetically related words and spell these words from dictation. Phonics instruction must be reinforced by having the student read decodable text. The 44 Sounds in the English Language 5 Short-Vowel Sounds 18 Consonant Sounds 7 Digraphs short /?/ in apple short /?/ in elephant short /?/ in igloo short /?/ in octopus short /ǔ/ in umbrella /b/ in bat /k/ in cat and kite /d/ in dog /f/ in fan /g/ in goat /h/ in hat /j/ in jam /l/ in lip /m/ in map /n/ in nest /p/ in pig /r/ in rat /s/ in sun /t/ in top /v/ in van /w/ in wig /y/ in yell /z/ in zip /ch/ in chin /sh/ in ship unvoiced /th/ in thin voiced /th/ in this /hw/ in whip * /ng/ in sing /nk/ in sink * (wh is pronounced /w/ in some areas) 6 Long-Vowel Sounds 3 r-Controlled Vowel Sounds Diphthongs and Other Special Sounds long /ā/ in cake long /ē/ in feet long /ī/ in pie long /ō/ in boat long /ū/ (yoo) in mule long /ōō/ in flew /ur/ in fern, bird, and hurt /ar/ in park /or/ in fork /oi/ in oil and boy /ow/ in owl and ouch short /??/ in cook and pull /aw/ in jaw and haul /zh/ in television Steps for Teaching Phonics Step 1. Gather the materials listed below and store them together in a box. Materials for Teaching Phonics What You Need Suggestion systematic phonics program Consider Phonics Pathways (available from our online bookstore), Sing, Spell, Read, Write, or another program from Phonics Products for Home or Phonics Products for School. * phonics flashcards with the letter or letter combination (such as ou) on front and clue word (such as out) on back Consider the Individual Set of 70 Phonogram Cards (item #IPC, $10) from Spalding Education International, available at www.spalding.org. Its helpful to also purchase the Spalding Phonogram Sounds CD (item #CD, $5.00) to learn how to pronounce each sound correctly. Note: if you purchase this set from Spalding, you will not need to purchase a separate set of alphabet flashcards. decodable stories (preferably 100% decodable) If your phonics program does not contain 100% decodable stories, consider Stories Based on Phonics, available from our online bookstore, or Bob Books First, available from www.amazon.com. writing supplies: index cards, index card file, black wide-tip permanent marker, beginners wide-ruled writing tablet, 2 pencils with erasers Purchase writing supplies at any office supply store. * Note: Make sure your phonics flashcards give the proper sound or sounds for each letter or letter combination – many widely available flashcards are incorrect or incomplete. For example, the common sound of x is /ks/ as in fox, not /z/ as in xylophone or /eks/ as in x-ray. Also, the short-vowel sound of i is /?/ as in igloo, not /ī/ as in ice cream. Step 2. Teach the 5 short-vowel sounds and consonant sounds. Drill until memorized. During the first week, use the flashcards to drill the short-vowel sounds. Add several consonant sounds each day until you are drilling all short-vowel sounds and consonant sounds with your student daily. Do not rush this step. Keep drilling until all sounds are memorized, which usually takes 2-4 weeks. Tip: Work on phonics for at least 15 minutes a day, 5 days a week with your student. Frequency and consistency are more important than the length of time spent on each lesson. Short-Vowel Sounds short /?/ in apple short /?/ in elephant short /?/ in igloo short /?/ in octopus short /?/ in umbrella Consonant Sounds /b/ in bat /k/ in kite /s/ in sun /k/ in cat /l/ in lip /t/ in top /d/ in dog /m/ in map /v/ in van /f/ in fan /n/ in nest /w/ in wig /g/ in goat /p/ in pig /ks/ in fox /h/ in hat /kw/ in queen /y/ in yell /j/ in jam /r/ in rat /z/ in zip Step 3. Practice two-letter blends. Drill until blending is automatic. After your student knows the short-vowel sounds and consonant sounds, next teach him how to orally blend two letters (b-a, ba) and read two-letter blends such as: ba, be, bi, bo, bu. Two-Letter Blends b + a = ba s + a = sa j + a = ja b + e = be s + e = se j + e = je b + i = bi s + i = si j + i = ji b + o = bo s + o = so j + o = jo b + u = bu s + u = su j + u = ju Step 4. Practice three-letter blends. Drill until blending is automatic. After your student can read two-letter blends, progress to three-letter blends, that is, words. Each day, have your student read a set of short-vowel words, then dictate these same words to him. (Show him how to form each letter and correct him gently, if necessary). This not only helps him remember the phonics lesson just learned, but it greatly improves spelling. Golden Rule of Phonics: Never allow your student to skip, guess, or substitute words. Accuracy is more important than speed. Three-Letter Blends fa + t = fat ki + t = kit ro + d = rod de + n = den ma + d = mad se + t = set bo + x = box ye + s = yes tu + g = tug hi + d = hid no + t = not wi + n = win ju + g = jug pu + n = pun la + p = lap Step 5. Teach the twin-consonant endings, plurals, and two-consonant blends. Drill until blending is automatic. Twin-Consonant Endings Two-Consonant Blends Two-Consonant Blends puff blab stun, fist sell brag swam kiss club trot fuzz crop twin lock drag fact fled raft Plurals: frog bulb cats (sounds like /s/) glum held beds (sounds like /z/) grip elf plug sulk prim film scat help skip, mask silt sled jump smug hand snip mint spot, gasp kept Step 6. Teach the digraphs (ch, sh, th, wh, ng, nk). A digraph consists of two consonants that form a new sound when combined. Also teach three-consonant blends. Digraphs Three-Consonant Blends chin, such, patch (silent t) scruff ship, wish split thin, with (unvoiced /th/) strap this (voiced /th/) thrill whip sang, sing, song, sung sank, sink, honk, sunk Step 7. Introduce a few high-frequency words necessary to read most sentences. After your student can read three-letter and four-letter words easily, its time to add a few high-frequency words that are necessary to read most sentences. Some high-frequency words are phonetically regular (such as “or”), but are introduced out of sequence because of their importance. Other words are truly irregular, because they contain one or more letters that dont follow the rules of phonics (such as “once” and “who”). The Basic High-Frequency Words table lists the most important words. Write each word on an index card. Introduce three or four new words a week. Drill your student on these words everyday, encouraging him to sound out as much of the word as possible (usually the vowel sound is the only irregular part). As your student masters each word, file the card in the card file under “Words I Know.” When your student comes across a new “wacky” word (such as “sugar” in which the “s” is pronounced /sh/), make up a new index card and file it under “Words To Learn.” Tip: What distinguishes this high-frequency word list from the typical “sight word” list? Many words in the list below cannot be completely sounded out, either because they contain one or more letters that dont “follow the rules” or the rule is learned later. In contrast, the typical “sight word” list contains mostly phonetically regular words (such as “and” and “when”) that the student is forced to memorize simply because he has never been taught to sound them out. Basic High-Frequency Words Introduce after student can read short-vowel words, /th/, and /sh/ Introduce after student can read long-vowel words A vowel by itself says its name: a, I “e” at the end of a short word says its name: be, he, me, we, she, the* “o” at the end of these words says its name: no, go, so “or” says /or/: or, for do, to, into, of, off, put * also pronounced /th?/ was, were, are doing, does said, says, have, give you, your, yours they, their, there where, what, why, who once, one, come, some done, none two, too Step 8. Teach the long-vowel sounds and their spellings. Note that there are five common spellings for each long-vowel sound. Also teach the “Silent-e Rule”: When a one-syllable word ends in “e” and has the pattern vce (vowel-consonant-e), the first vowel says its name and the “e” is silent. Long-Vowel Sounds Common Spellings Less Common Spellings long /ā/ cake, rain, pay, eight, baby steak, they, vein long /ē/ Pete, me, feet, sea, bunny key, field, cookie, receive, pizza long /ī/ bike, hi, fly, pie, night rye, type long /ō/ hope, go, boat, toe, snow soul, though long /ū/ & /ōō/ mule, blue, boot, tuna, flew fruit, soup, through, feud Step 9. Teach the r-controlled vowel sounds and their spellings. r-Controlled Vowel Sounds Common Spellings Less Common Spellings /ur/ fern, bird, hurt pure, dollar, worm, earth /ar/ farm orange, forest /or/ fork door, pour, roar, more, war Step 10. Teach the diphthongs /oi/ and /ow/ and their spellings. A diphthong consists of two vowels that form a new sound when combined. Also teach other special sounds. Sound Common Spellings /oi/ oil, boy /ow/ owl, ouch short /??/ cook, pull /sh/ vacation, session, facial /zh/ vision Step 11. Teach /aw/, /awl/, /awk/ and their spellings. Sound Common Spellings /aw/ jaw, haul, wash, squash /awl/ bald, wall /awk/ talk Step 12. Teach these sounds and spelling patterns. Sound Common Spellings /s/ spelled c Rule: c followed by e, i, or y sounds like /s/. cent, face, cinder, cycle /j/ spelled g, ge, dge Rule: g followed by e, i, or y usually sounds like /j/. frigid, age, fudge, gym /f/ spelled ph Rule: ph sounds like /f/ in words of Greek origin. phone, phonics /k/ spelled ch Rule: ch sounds like /k/ in words of Greek origin. chorus, Christmas /sh/ spelled ch Rule: ch sounds like /sh/ in words of French origin. chef, champagne Note: This Phonics Primer does not contain all English spelling patterns. Consult a good phonics program such as one from Phonics Products from Home or Phonics Products for School for additional spelling patterns and rules. Most products contain detailed instructions and practice reading selections. Step 13. After 3 to 4 months of daily phonics instruction, begin introducing decodable stories. Important: All sounds and spellings in Steps 2 - 12 should be introduced within the first 4 months of phonics instruction. After 3 to 4 months of reading lists of words and sentences, your student should be ready to read decodable stories such as Stories Based on Phonics or Bob Books First. The student should read all stories aloud, carefully and accurately. Help him sound out difficult words, as needed. Explain the meaning of all new words. Encourage him to read each story several times to gain fluency, but dont let him memorize the story (reciting a story from memory is not reading). Model fluent reading by reading a sentence aloud with expression, then asking him to repeat what you read with the same tone of voice. Explain and demonstrate the meaning of basic punctuation (period = stop, comma = pause, exclamation point = speak with excitement, question mark = raise the pitch of your voice on the last word to ask a question.) Step 14. Begin introducing “easy-to-read” books. After the student masters decodable stories, let him move on to easy books such as those by Dr. Seuss (Hop on Pop; One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish; Ten Apples Up on Top; Green Eggs and Ham; and so on), P. D. Eastman (Are You My Mother?; Go Dog, Go!; A Fish Out of Water), and Cynthia Rylant (Henry and Mudge series; Poppleton series; Mr. Putter and Tabby series). As your student reads each book, add new wacky words to the Words To Learn file and review daily, if necessary. Continue teaching the lessons in the phonics program – dont stop just because your student can read. Most children need 1 to 2 years of reinforcement before their phonics knowledge becomes permanent. Step 15. Continue to give phonetically based spelling lists. Even after your student has finished the phonics program, make sure to reinforce his phonics knowledge by giving phonetically based spelling lists each week at least through third grade. Revised: 6/05

文章TAG：自然  自然拼读  读法  详细  自然拼读法详细教案  
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